This collection of essays, presenting various dimensions of research in social statistics, includes articles that are important from a historical as well as modern perspective. Beginning with a discussion on the changing role of statistics in social sciences and the importance of a methodological approach, the articles in this volume include a paper evaluating the theories prescribed in Kautilya’s Arthashastra from a contemporary perspective. The cutting edge research techniques developed by Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer, Nobel Laureates in Economics for 2019, such as exogenous natural experiments and instrumental variable techniques (IV) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) are also discussed in this volume. A survey of research papers from the field of Econophysics, where the tools of physics are applied to study economic problems; an analysis of the major data sources available in India to identify data gaps that will allow gender inequality to be explored from various dimensions, as well as articles on social problems specific to Bihar, such as child nutrition, migration, and the Industrial Incentive Policy are also included.